The “Digital Age” is reliant on speedy access to data, and lots of it. A key part of the infrastructure network needed to transfer this information is via optical fibre cables.
These cables use light pulses generated by lasers or light emitting diodes (LEDs) to transfer the data to support telecommunications, the internet and cable television. The cables are formed of a glass core, and have distinct advantages over traditional copper wiring. They have a considerably wider bandwidth, their smaller diameter allows more fibres to be fitted in a given cable diameter, and there is no interference between the glass stranded fibres located in the same cable.
Thus, fibre optic cables provided not only a higher quantity of information transfer, but also retained high quality. On the downside, fibre optic cables are much more fragile, and need to be protected from accidental damage. Figuring out how to work with fibre cables is essential for preventing damage to equipment and yourself.
Hazards associated with handling fibre optic cables tend to differ from traditional wiring in some respects, but have many common inherent dangers due to their location. Fibre optic installation standards differ from ordinary cables, so certain risk assessments need to be adhered to.
- Since no electricity or heat is associated with fibre optics, there is no risk from direct electrocution or burns.
- However, there may be an indirect risk from both as optic fibres are housed in shared facilities with other conductors.
- Many of the cables are accessed via manholes, and as confined spaces run the risk of explosive atmospheres, dangers of asphyxiation, and injuries from contact with live equipment, these dangers are associated with handling fibre optic cables. There are fire risks if an electric arc is used, particularly if flammable gases exist.
- Others are located on poles, where risks can be from live overhead conductors and from falling from heights.
- Fibre optic cables can cause damage to eyes, particularly if inspected using lenses or microscopes, especially from invisible infra-red light. The danger level is increased further if Class 11 lasers are in operation.
- Laser danger hazards.
- Handling fibre optic cables can result in skin injury from glass shards, and the risk increases if these are ingested, which can lead to serious internal organ damage.
- Chemicals are commonly used to clean or process fibres, and this should only be undertaken in well-ventilated areas.
- Poor disposal of glass fragment waste could endanger other handlers of the waste.
Good fibre optic cable handling precautions, risk assessments, coupled with staff training can minimise the risks. Fibre optic cables should be checked with a power meter to establish if they are operational. Suitable PPE (personal protective equipment) should be used such as safety glasses with side shields, and disposable aprons. There should be a ban on food and drink in operational areas. Disposal regimes need to be followed rigidly.
Label Source has a range of products to identify and locate fibre cable products, including underground warning and detectable tapes, hazard warning labels and signs (particularly for laser hazards), and cable identifiers.
